The neglected femoral neck fracture in young adults: review of a challenging problem

A neglected femoral neck fracture is one where there has been a delay of more than 30 days to seek medical help from the time of the original injury. Among the spectrum of femoral neck fractures, the neglected fracture in a young adult (age <60 years) is one of the most challenging to treat if femoral head salvage is attempted. The main complication is avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head with most reported incidences being <15% (range 0% to 67%), which is similar to the complication rate with non-neglected femoral neck fractures.     

Health Fairs as a forum to pique young children's interest in nursing

Kids into Health Career (KIHC) initiatives largely have focused on the recruitment of high school- and middle school-age students. Little attention has been given to informing young children and their parents about health professions careers. The career development literature supports that career development is a lifelong process beginning in early childhood. The purpose of this article is to offer practical ideas to introduce preschool-age and elementary school-age children to health careers in nursing. The value of health fairs as a forum to pique interest is discussed. Outcome measures to determine the success of KIHC strategies for younger children are needed.     

青年男性血清25羟维生素D、PTH水平与区域骨密度的关系

目的 调查广州地区青年男性维生素D、PTH状态及其与区域骨密度之间的关系.方法 随机选取2011年5月-2012年8月在广州军区广州总医院门诊部体检的60名广州青年男性志愿受试者,年龄18～44岁.评估血清25(OH)D、PTH水平,并分析血清25(OH)D、PTH与骨转换指标和区域骨密度(BMD)的相关性.结果 46.7％的青年男性血清25(OH)D水平＞30 ng/mL,53.3％低于30 ng/mL,5％低于20 ng/mL.血清25(OH)D水平与年龄分布无统计学差异(P＞0.05).双变量分析显示血清25(OH)D水平与PTH负相关(r=-0.264,P=0.042),与β-Crosslaps负相关(r=-0.257,P=0.047).血清25(OH)D水平、PTH与L1-4以及单个腰椎L1、L2、L3、L4的BMD无相关性.股骨大转子BMD与血清25(OH)D正相关(r=0.271,P=0.040),校正年龄、BMI和骨生化指标后,正相关性更加明显(r =0.319,P=0.020).多元线性回归分析显示BMI、ALP与全腰、L1、L3、L4椎BMD相关,BMI、PINP与L2椎BMD相关,BMI、25(OH)D与全髋、大转子BMD相关.结论 青年男性广泛存在血清25(OH)D不足状态,血清25(OH)D水平与股骨大转子BMD明显正相关,适当补充维生素D和钙剂,对维持大转子区域的骨量至关重要.     

Eating Habits and Dietary Status in Young Children with Autism

While clinical lore appears to accept that young children with autism have limited or narrow diets and unusual food aversions in comparison to same age peers, the empirical basis for this is missing. The goals of this preliminary study were to examine the eating habits and nutritional intake of a young cohort of well characterized children with autism compared to young children with no evidence of autism or other autism spectrum disorders. Parents reported on 19 young children with autism and 15 similar aged children with typical development using a number of informant instruments. Results indicated that children with autism had more mealtime behavioral differences, but these did not translate to significant differences in nutritional status compared to typically developing children. However, there was much variability within both groups. Results are discussed in relationship to what has been previously found in older children with autism spectrum disorders.     

Predictors of poor prognosis in healthy,young, individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infections

ObjectivesTo identify predictors of poor prognosis in previously healthy young individuals admitted to hospital with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsWe studied a cohort of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. All patients without co-morbidities, without usual treatments and ≤65 years old were selected from an international registry (HOPE-COVID-19, NCT04334291). We focused on baseline variables—symptoms and signs at admission—to analyse risk factors for poor prognosis. The primary end point was a composite of major adverse clinical events during hospitalization including mortality, mechanical ventilation, high-flow nasal oxygen therapy, prone, sepsis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and embolic events.ResultsOverall, 773 healthy young patients were included. The primary composite end point was observed in 29% (225/773) and the overall mortality rate was 3.6% (28/773). In the combined event group, 75% (168/225) of patients were men and the mean age was 49 (±11) years, whereas in the non-combined event group, the prevalence of male gender was 43% (238/548) and the mean age was 42 (±13) years (p < 0.001 for both). On admission, respiratory insufficiency and cough were described in 51.4% (114/222) and 76% (170/223) of patients, respectively, in the combined event group, versus 7.9% (42/533) and 56% (302/543) of patients in the other group (p < 0.001 for both). The strongest independent predictor for the combined end point was desaturation (Spo₂ <92%) (OR 5.40; 95% CI 3.34–8.75; p < 0.001), followed by tachypnoea (OR 3.17; 95% CI 1.93–5.21; p < 0.001), male gender (OR 3.01; 95% CI 1.96–4.61; p < 0.001) and pulmonary infiltrates on chest X-ray at admission (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.18–4.16; p 0.014).ConclusionsMajor adverse clinical events were unexpectedly high considering the baseline characteristics of the cohort. Signs of respiratory compromise at admission and male gender, were predictive for poor prognosis among young healthy patients hospitalized with COVID-19.     

年轻乳腺癌患者生育忧虑的研究进展

随着乳腺癌长期生存率逐步提高,年轻患者的生育需求日益凸显。然而,乳腺癌患者治疗后的妊娠率不容乐观。本文从生育忧虑的概述、测量工具、现状、影响因素及干预策略等方面总结年轻乳腺癌患者生育忧虑的研究进展,旨在加强医护人员、患者及其家属对癌症后生育问题的重视,同时为临床研究提供参考。     

中青年腰椎间盘突出症家庭康复护理

目的探讨中青年腰椎间盘突出症康复护理的方法及效果。方法急性期绝对卧硬板床做牵引治疗（以骨盆牵引法为主）；慢性期注意劳逸结合及腰部活动幅度，红外线照射以活血消肿；康复期注意腰肌、背阔肌功能锻炼。结果42例病人中急性期绝对卧硬板床结合牵引治疗〉60d者10例，随访6个月治愈率达100％，绝对卧床41-60d有7例，治愈6例（86％）；绝对卧床21～40d有14例，治愈10例（71％）；绝对卧床〈20d有11例，治愈5例（45％），6例暂时症状消失或疼痛减轻，复发经久不能根治。结论中青年腰椎间盘突出经绝对卧硬板床结合牵引治疗足够的时间，治疗效果较好。     

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in young adults in Melbourne, Australia

Background

Characteristics and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in young adults are not well described in Australia.

Methods

A 10-year retrospective case review of all OHCA in young adults (aged 16-39) and not witnessed by EMS, was performed using data from the Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry (VACAR).

Results

Between 2000 and 2009 there were 30,006 adult cardiac arrests of which 3912 (13%) were in this age group. The median (IQR) age was 30 (25-35) years for both sexes with a 3:1 male to female ratio. Overdose was the most common precipitant (33.5%) followed by presumed cardiac (20%). Bystander CPR occurred in 21.2%, EMS median response time was 7 min and resuscitation was attempted in 36% of OHCAs. The presenting rhythm was asystole in 84.6%, PEA in 8.8% and VF/VT in 6.6%. Survival to hospital discharge, for all cause OHCA where resuscitation was attempted, was similar for young adult and older adults (8.8% vs 8.4%, p = 0.2). However, for presumed cardiac aetiology OHCA, young adults had a greater proportion of survivors (14.8% vs 9.0%, p < 0.001). Cardiac arrest with shockable rhythm (VF/pulseless VT) had a survival rate of 31.2% for young adults compared to 18.5% for older adults (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Survival to hospital discharge rates from OHCA due to a ‘presumed cardiac’ precipitant in young adults is much better than older adults, however, all cause OHCA survival is similar. Multi agency novel upstream preventive strategies aimed at tackling drug overdose may reduce this aetiology of OHCA and save lives.